African nationalism

#### Definition
African nationalism seeks self-determination and nation states.

#### Core Principles
- Independence, unity against colonialism.

#### Historical Origins and Development
From colonial rule; mass movement post-WWII.

#### Key Thinkers or Figures
- Kenneth Kaunda, Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof.

#### Notable Variants
- Mass movements, women's roles.

#### Criticisms or Controversies
Elitism, preservation of colonial frontiers.