Populism

#### Definition
Populism is a stance emphasizing the "common people" against elites, often anti-establishment.

#### Core Principles
- People vs. elite division, moralistic politics.

#### Historical Origins and Development
Developed in 19th century; surged post-2016.

#### Key Thinkers or Figures
- Cas Mudde: Thin-centered ideology.
- Ernesto Laclau: Discursive logic.

#### Notable Variants
- Left-wing: Anti-austerity.
- Right-wing: Nativist.

#### Criticisms or Controversies
Vague concept; can undermine democracy.