Secularism

#### Definition
Secularism conducts affairs without religious involvement.

#### Core Principles
- Separation of church and state, equality, reason.

#### Historical Origins and Development
From ancient times; coined in 1851.

#### Key Thinkers or Figures
- George Holyoake, John Locke.

#### Notable Variants
- Political secularism, laïcité, accommodationism.

#### Criticisms or Controversies
Seen as anti-religion by fundamentalists.